In-Situ High-Temperature Oxidation State Observations of Cold-Sprayed FeNb-based HEA Coatings using the Synchrotron X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy

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Sarun Choomchaiyo, s6509093960037@email.kmutnb.ac.th, Tribo-Systems for Industrial Tools and Machinery Research Laboratory, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB); Assoc. Prof. Dr. Peerawatt Nunthavarawong, peerawatt.n@tggs.kmutnb.ac.th, Tribo-Systems for Industrial Tools and Machinery Research Laboratory, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB); Dr. Noppakun Sanpo, noppakun.s@pttgcgroup.com, PTT Global Chemical Public Company Limited; Dr. Koh Pak Keng, pkkoh@eckpl.com, 
ECK PTE Ltd 1 Seletar Aerospace Heights #03-03 Wah Son Building, Dr. Chatree Saiyasombat, chatree@slri.or.th, Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization); 

High‑entropy alloys (HEAs) offer outstanding thermal stability and oxidation resistance for high‑temperature service such as gas‑turbine, power‑plant, and aerospace components. In this study, FeNb‑based composite coatings containing 10, 20, and 30 wt % AlCoCrFeNi HEA were deposited onto AISI 410 stainless steel by medium‑pressure cold spray to 40–50 µm-thick. In‑situ Cr K‑edge X‑ray absorption near‑edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy tracked oxidation during heating to 1000 °C. Samples were heated at 50 °C min⁻¹ with 30 min holds at 500 and 1000 °C, then cooled at 20 °C min⁻¹. Cr oxidation manifested as edge shifts to higher energy, stronger white lines, and evolving pre‑edge features that mark the Cr⁰ to Cr³⁺ transition. Oxidation initiated near 600 °C and intensified beyond 800 °C. Coatings with 20–30 wt % HEA showed smaller edge shifts and weaker white lines than the 10 % wt sample, indicating slower Cr oxidation and a stabilising effect from the HEA component. The results demonstrate that higher HEA fractions improve oxidation resistance and validate in‑situ Cr K‑edge XANES as a sensitive probe of real‑time oxidation behaviour in complex alloys under extreme industrial thermal stress environments.

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March 2026

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